IEEPA Tariffs by Country: Who Paid What and What's Refundable

How Country-Specific IEEPA Rates Were Set

The IEEPA reciprocal tariff rates imposed in 2025 were derived from a formula that the administration characterized as mirroring the trade barriers each country imposed on U.S. exports. The methodology divided each country’s trade surplus with the United States by its total exports to the U.S. (creating a pseudo-tariff equivalent), then applied half that figure as the “reciprocal” rate. Critics noted that this formula measured trade deficits rather than actual tariff barriers, and that it produced economically arbitrary results.

Whatever the formula’s merits, the rates it generated became the basis for hundreds of billions of dollars in duty collections — and now, potentially, refunds.

High-Rate Countries (25%+)

Vietnam (46%)

Vietnam received the highest IEEPA rate among non-China economies, reflecting the large and growing U.S. trade deficit with Vietnam as manufacturing shifted from China over the prior decade. Vietnamese imports in the affected period include apparel, footwear, furniture, electronics, and a wide range of consumer goods. The combination of the high rate and the volume of imports makes Vietnam the single largest refund opportunity outside of China for many importers.

If you imported from Vietnam between April 5, 2025 and February 20, 2026, you likely paid 46% IEEPA duties on top of any existing HTS rates. Verify that IEEPA duties appear on your CBP 7501 forms before filing.

Bangladesh (37%)

Bangladesh is primarily a textile and apparel exporting country. The 37% IEEPA rate on Bangladeshi goods affected a wide range of clothing, fabric, and made-up textile articles. Bangladesh is one of the world’s largest exporters of ready-made garments, and large U.S. importers and retailers sourcing from Bangladesh faced significant duty burdens.

Thailand (36%)

Thailand exports machinery, auto parts, electronics, and processed food to the United States. The 36% rate created refund opportunities across multiple product categories for companies with Thai supply chains.

China (34%)

China is the single largest source of IEEPA duty collections by absolute dollar amount, even though its 34% rate is lower than some other countries. This reflects China’s enormous share of overall U.S. imports. The critical caveat for Chinese goods is that Section 301 tariffs remain fully in effect — only the IEEPA-specific duty layer is refundable through CAPE. Many entries for Chinese goods show both Section 301 and IEEPA duties as separate assessments; only the IEEPA portion is eligible for refund.

Taiwan (32%)

Taiwan is a major source of semiconductors, electronic components, and machinery. The 32% rate on Taiwanese imports created substantial duty burdens for electronics manufacturers and distributors.

Indonesia (32%)

Indonesia exports footwear, textiles, furniture, and agricultural products. The 32% IEEPA rate affected importers across multiple sectors.

Switzerland (31%)

Switzerland is somewhat unusual in this context — the 31% rate was relatively high for a developed economy with sophisticated trade policy. Swiss exports to the U.S. include pharmaceuticals, watches, medical instruments, and specialty chemicals.

Canada (25%)

Canada’s 25% IEEPA tariff was unusual given the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). The critical issue for Canadian goods is that USMCA-qualifying goods that were entered duty-free because of FTA treatment did not pay IEEPA duties and therefore have no refund. However, Canadian goods that did not meet USMCA rules of origin, or that entered through non-USMCA pathways, may have paid the 25% rate. Review your 7501 forms carefully.

Mexico (25%)

The same USMCA analysis applies to Mexican goods. Mexico is a major source for automotive parts, electronics, apparel, and agricultural products. USMCA compliance and origin rules are complex — many importers had a mix of qualifying and non-qualifying entries.

Mid-Range Countries (15%–24%)

Malaysia (24%)

Malaysia is a growing source of electronics, semiconductor components, and manufactured goods. The 24% IEEPA rate affected companies that had been building or expanding Malaysian supply chains as an alternative to China.

Germany / EU (20%)

All EU member states were assessed a uniform 20% IEEPA rate. Germany is the EU’s largest exporter of industrial machinery, automotive parts, chemicals, and precision instruments. German exporters and their U.S. importers collectively faced substantial duty burdens.

India (18%)

India received an 18% rate, lower than many other major sourcing countries. Indian exports include pharmaceuticals, textiles, software services (not subject to tariffs), gems and jewelry, engineering goods, and chemicals.

Philippines (17%)

The Philippines exports electronics (particularly semiconductor packaging), apparel, and processed food. The 17% rate is on the lower end for Southeast Asian countries.

Lower-Rate Countries (10%)

Japan

Japan’s 10% IEEPA rate applied to automobiles, auto parts, machinery, electronics, and other manufactured goods. Japan is a major U.S. import source by dollar value, so even the lower rate generates significant refunds for high-volume importers.

South Korea

South Korea received a 10% rate. The complication here is the KORUS (Korea-U.S.) Free Trade Agreement. KORUS-qualifying goods that entered the U.S. duty-free under the FTA did not pay IEEPA duties. Importers need to check each entry individually.

United Kingdom

The UK received a 10% baseline rate. Post-Brexit, the UK no longer has a formal FTA with the United States, so FTA complications are generally not an issue for UK goods.

Other Countries at 10%

Brazil, Australia, Turkey, and dozens of smaller trading partners received the default 10% baseline rate. While lower, these rates still generate meaningful refunds for importers who sourced significant volumes from these countries.

Determining Eligibility for Your Specific Entries

Regardless of country, the eligibility determination for each individual entry requires:

1. Confirming the goods were entered for consumption (not temporarily imported)
2. Confirming the entry date falls within the applicable IEEPA window
3. Confirming IEEPA duties were actually assessed (not waived or credited)
4. Verifying no FTA exemptions applied that zero’d out the IEEPA duty

The CAPE portal requires this data at the individual entry line level. Our free calculator can help you estimate totals, but actual filing requires per-entry detail from your CBP records.